Judgement :: essays research papers

Judgment      People can frequently be dealt with and decided in a not exactly equivalent way before individuals even know the genuine idea of the individual, for example, the way that the Finch kids imagine that Boo Radley is an a beast. Or on the other hand the way individuals call Atticus Finch is known as a nigger-darling. One of my generally top choice citations is that of Martin Luther King Junior. "I have a fantasy, that one day my kids will be judged not by the shade of their skin, yet by the substance of their character." People should make decisions of the individual's character, not by their appearance, race, religion, sexuality, and ethics.      One of the principle focal points of the book is the Finch kids attempting to get Boo Radley nearby to come out of his home. To them he is a mean colossal individual. In any case, for reasons unknown they assume that tormenting him is the best approach to possess their time. Truth be told, to the entire town the Radley family are mean individuals that kept to them selves. "There goes the meanest man ever God blew breath into," said Calpurnia (page 12). This shows how mean individuals can be simply by making a decision about others by their exterior. What gives these individuals the option to make these sort of ends without ever in any event, meeting the person(s).      Later in the book the Finch youngsters discover presents covered up in a tree straightaway to the Radley place. They can't make sense of who might set these decent blessings out for them. Later they discover that is Boo Radley. He is simply attempting to be decent what's more, others won't acknowledge his unique methodology on life. At a certain point in the book the youngsters choose to go up onto the yard to attempt to get a pinnacle inside the window. At that point they see Mr. Radley inside with a shotgun and they ran away. Jem got her jeans ripped off on a fence and returned later to recover them and she discovered them patched and laying over the fence. Another case of how pleasant the Radley's are is the point at which it was shuddering cold outside somebody puts a cover over Scout's shoulders. Just later does she understand that the demonstration was performed by the puzzling Boo Radley. I have recently given numerous models directly from the book of how the characters of the individual can be profoundly not quite the same as their appearance. That leads back to my proposal of passing judgment on individuals by their character not their external shell.      One all the more infuriating occurrence in the book that made me simply incensed when I

An Assessment of Learning Disabled Bilingual Students :: Teaching Education

An Assessment of Learning Disabled Bilingual Students When discussing the learning handicapped, bilingual understudy, one must think about certain measurements to the issue of appraisal inside an especially specific light. This extraordinary populace reflects both the learning crippled (LD) and the bilingual understudy. For motivations behind this conversation, it is assumed that most all individuals from this particular fragment are Hispanic. This is to a great extent the case inside a down to earth setting, in spite of the fact that as the writing calls attention to, pre-contemplations must be managed for bilingual instruction (understudies) Ã' just as those individuals from the Hispanic people group who mirror an assortment of foundations, including Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Cubans, and so on. To this degree, it is the perspective on this creator that the difficulties for the bilingual, learning incapacitated, and custom curriculum instructor are especially mind boggling. In the first place, it is critical to take a gander at the n umerous factors that exist inside the previously mentioned parts. These parts incorporate English as a Second Language (ESL), the degree to which Hispanic understudies communicate in English at home, the degree to which Spanish talking understudies communicate in Spanish at home, the degree to which guardians are included or accept a functioning job in this general exertion, lastly the effect this has on encouraging the learning handicapped in a homeroom setting Ã' and all the more explicitly Ã' while utilizing the help of an interpreter. It is the perspective on this creator that, time after time, educational plan based evaluation is hampered with certain predispositions, to which degree it is the point of this creator to address a portion of these. David P. Dolson (1985) offers us some understanding into the significance of these connections, expressing that the most fundamental factor between scholarly accomplishment and academic execution with respect to the Hispanic kid is le gitimately identified with the impact of Spanish home language. He challenges a suspicion by numerous instructors that Hispanic understudies from Spanish language homes do less well in schools than Hispanic understudies from principally English talking homes. The heading of the distinction on every one of ten educational factors shows that understudies from added substance bilingual homes have a prominent bit of leeway when contrasted with partners from subtractive bilingual homes. The significance of this finding is featured to various ends, which might be built based on the information made accessible (1985). In light of individual and useful experience, it has been the perceptions of this creator that conclusive debate and even contradiction exists and is revolved around different ways to deal with the scholastic progression of the learning debilitated, bilingual understudy.

The Years of the Rat

The Years of the Rat Following up on JKims entry about excitement for the unveiling of the ring, heres a bit of history and background. Each class year at MIT officially gathers three times once, at the beginning, for the freshman picture; once, at the end, for graduation; and once, halfway through, for the unveiling of the class ring. The design process begins in freshman year with the highly competitive process of choosing the ring committee, or RingComm, of 12 class members, students representing different MIT walks of life. The RingComm next solicits bids for the very lucrative ring contract: 90% of all students will purchase the ring in a typical year; one company actually shuts down their factory for the one week each year of prime MIT ring-buying. Using imagery representing events from their first two years at MIT, and drawing upon suggestions and ideas of the entire class, RingComm designs the ring over a six-month period, unveils it at an extravagant event, and stages a lavish delivery ceremony. How did this all start? The history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Class Ring dates back to the spring of 1929. C. Brigham Allen, President of the Class of 1929, appointed a ring committee consisting of members from the classes of 1930, 1931, and 1932. Their mission was to design a ring to be used as the Standard Technology Ring. The committees first decision was whether to use the beaver or the Great Dome on the ring bezel. After much debate, the committee decided to adorn the bezel of the ring with the beaver and have a three-piece construction, with MIT and the class year each appearing on a separate shank. Thus the Brass Rat was born as a tradition at MIT. Yes, the ring is known as the Brass Rat. Why? Because it is made of gold and features a beaver on the front. Why a beaver? Another interesting story. In 1914, Lester Gardner of the MIT Club of New York proposed a mascot to President Richard Maclaurin. We first thought of the kangaroo, which, like Tech, goes forward by leaps and bounds. Then we considered the elephant. He is wise, patient, strong, hard working, and like all those who graduate from Tech, has a good tough hide. But neither of these were American animals. We turned to [William Temple] Hornadays book on the animals of North America and instantly chose the beaver. The beaver not only typifies the Tech [student], but his habits are peculiarly our own. The beaver is noted for his engineering, mechanical skills, and industry. His habits are nocturnal. He does his best work in the dark. Now that you have all that background on this important aspect of MIT tradition, I want to use todays entry to catalog the recent history of Brass Rat designs, focusing on the bezel, or front, of the ring. Lets start with the Rat which was just unveiled: the Class of 2010 Brass Rat. The Class of 2009 Brass Rat: The Class of 2008 Brass Rat: The Class of 2007 Brass Rat: The Class of 2006 Brass Rat: The Class of 2005 Brass Rat: The Class of 2004 Brass Rat: The Class of 2003 Brass Rat (stainless steel option shown): The Class of 2002 Brass Rat: The Class of 2001 Brass Rat: And finally, the Class of 2000 Brass Rat (the one currently on my right hand): Which Rat is your favorite? [updated from a previous entry, which shortly thereafter became a Wikipedia page] Post Tagged #Brass Rat

Employment Report International Nurse Immigration and Economic Explanations

Employment Report : International Nurse Immigration and Economic Explanations Introduction There has been unprecedented debate over economic policies with the advent of globalization marked by increased international labor mobility (Stilwell et al, 2004). But while in some economies, trade restrictions and protectionism has continued to hinder labor mobility, other economies are increasingly opening up their borders for international labor flow. This is a field of inquiry that has continued to attract attention of social scientist than many other aspects of globalization and world economy (Fanning and Munck, 2011). There has been substantial theoretical and empirical research on international migration of healthcare professionals in the last decade, a trend that has also invited multilateral financial institutions such as World Bank and international agencies like World Health Organization. The economic implications of healthcare professional mobility have thus; become fundamental public policy concern (Debisette, 2011). This essay seeks to review the trends in international nurse immigration, economic factors motivating such migration and the consequence of international capital flow on health systems. This discussion is informed by the changing policy responses that seem to be shifting from simply preventing labour mobility towards more economically beneficial agenda of managing such migration for the mutual benefit of the destination and labor source countries (Stilwell et al, 2004). With international nurse immigration being viewed as solution to shortage of nurses, this paper maintains that improved working conditions and wages supported by effective human resource systems primarily influence international nurse migration. Trends in International Nurse Migration Nursing shortage in developed economies has heightened international recruitment and human capital flow. International recruitment and nurse migration refers to movement of nursing professionals from one country to another in search of employment opportunities and greener pastures. This today, is viewed as short-term solution to the serious nursing shortages in countries like the United States, United Kingdom and larger Europe. In the past, nurse migration was basically motivated by personal desire to establish international labor contacts or based opportunistic event when nursing services are needed in the destination countries (Stilwell et al., 2004). In the past decade, however, nurse migration and recruitment has largely been planned with recruitment agencies in developed countries increasingly sourcing nurses from either developing or other developed countries (Stilwell et al., 2004). Also, developing countries are no exception as they are also sourcing nurses from each other. United Kingdom In United Kingdom, the British National Health Service (NHS) has been experiencing unprecedented budget increase to finance panned growth of the nursing workforce. There has also been an increase in nurse training with the nation while also, directing efforts to attract nurses from outside borders characterised by explicit labor policies on international recruitment although with region restrictions (Aiken et al., 2004). This trend has been witnessed since the beginning of millennium. In 2002, for instance, about 16, 155 nurses joined U.K’s labor register from other nations more than in any other economic sector with education registering only 14, 538 (Aiken et al., 2002). Such recruitment efforts have also been reinforced by improved foreign-based nursing curriculum that has promoted eligibility of nursing practice in United Kingdom. In addition, dependency on foreign-trained nurses in many healthcare sectors in United Kingdom has routinely facilitated funding of internationa l healthcare labor to a point that organizations sponsor extended work permits for its personnel. Empirical findings shows that one in four nurses based in London are from foreign countries while some privately-run healthcare organizations employ even up to 60% foreign-trained nurses (Alien et al., 2004). Most of these nurses do not necessarily come from Europe but rather Australia, South Africa, Philippines, India, and some other Africa countries with the labor flow being consistent with a well-established trade patterns. Controversy surrounding mass nurse migration from considerable number of African countries resounds. The pattern perhaps has been promoted by the revision of Healthcare ethics code in 1999 that waived restriction of labor recruitment from sub-Saharan Africa by the British National Health Service board. That notwithstanding, private organization preference for African-trained nurses has perpetrated this practice and who ultimately on gaining practice eligibility in UK find their way into NHS. This explains why migration of nurses into U.K. from Africa has been on an upward trend. Similarities of commonwealth nursing curriculum also confer graduates from such countries eligibility of practice in U.K due to recognition of their certifications. United States There are assumptions with the labor corridors that the United States is the force to reckon with regard to nurse immigration owing to its large heath care system, good wage structure, favorable human resource practices and unsurpassed media attention to its international nurse recruitment activities (Lisa, 2007). Since late 1990s, foreign-trained nurse population has been on the increase at a rate estimated to outweigh that of U.S-educated nurses (Alien et al., 2004). Accordingly, foreign-born nurses United States accounts for about a third of the increased recruitment of nurses nationally, although it has not been established with accuracy how many of such nurses are trained oversees. Contrary to the belief that United States is the leading importer of nurses, the country has highly restrictive licensure and immigration policies which greatly limit entrance of oversees-trained nurses to the country. For example, it is a requirement for all nurses to pass the National Council Licens ure Examination in order to practice as registered nurses. This requires adequate demonstration of professionalism that meets the country’s standards with those whom English is not neither their native language nor a primary language in their mother countries sitting for English proficiency tests. Other restrictions include visa screening and trade-tariff restrictions. But this does not overrule the fact that America does import nurses especially from developing countries. Canada for instance, has for many years been the largest source of nurses to United States particularly in neighboring states where Canadian-trained nurses are explicitly endorsed owing to comparability of nursing curriculum and licensure policies. Ireland Ireland is a notable example of developed economies that is a major host of foreign-trained nurses. In the past, Ireland educational system produced more nurses that the country could absorb which facilitated international migration of nurses to other developed countries. But with its current economic boom, which has also led to an enlarged healthcare system, the Ireland-trained nurses could no longer meet the nursing demand making the country a major destination for overseas recruits. According to Alien et al (2004), Ireland is a major host of U.K-trained nurses with the country importing large numbers of nurses than it training domestically. Economic Reasons and Implications of International Labor Flow Economically, the nurse migration can be explained by the push/pull labor theory. Push factors are the reasons that drive the nurses to other countries and connote economical factors such as unsatisfactory wages, inadequate work facilities, lack of career development options and government policies or social-political factors (Peter and Groningen, 2004). On the other hand, Pull factors are the forces of attraction in destination countries and include better opportunities for career development, improved standards of living, better wages and learning opportunities. The push/pull labor model is expounded by the Neo-classical economic theory which maintains that migration results from geographical differences in the supply and demand for labor (Peter and Groningen, 2004). As such, countries with large supply of nursing workforce have relatively lower demand for such labor hence offer lower wages. On the contrary, those with limited number of trained nursing personnel have a higher demand for their services and consequently, offer higher remuneration. It is this imbalance between supply and demand for nurses that induces them to migrate from low-wage areas to countries that offer better wages. Figure 1: Labor market and interaction between demand, supply and minimum wages. As shown in the Figure 1, when the equilibrium wage falls below the minimum wage there will be surplus supply of nurses because demand for labor is low hence unemployment sets in. Under such situation, not all qualified nurses even willing to work for a minimum wage will be absorbed by the system. This forces nurses to seek employment opportunities in other countries. Similarly, countries offering higher minimum wage acts as bait for international labor migration. If differences are evident in countries’ minimum wages for nurses, the neoclassical theory of migration takes effect. The Keynesian economic theory, which is critical of the tenets of neoclassical theory on labor and capital flow, posits that international labor migration eliminates unemployment differences. It contends that labor supply further do depend on the nominal wage and not only the real wages as posited by neoclassical theory. Since Keynesian economics views money both as medium of exchange and saving, the latter function of makes the nurses to be attracted to countries with higher nominal wages (Fanning and Munck, 2011). Another economic theory that has sought to explain international labor flow is the dual labor market theory which contends that international labor migration is largely driven by unemployment levels of trained workforce and the general labor shortages in developed economies and their need to fill bottom positions in the job hierarchy (Peter and Groningen, 2004). In most cases, shortages in the bottom positions in modern societies resulting from motivational problems and marked social changes. As such, few resident professionals are willing to take up such bottom positions which therefore, create labor shortages. Foreign nurses inspired by better lives and standards in developed societies migrate to take-up such positions. In conclusion, there has been unprecedented international nurse migration in the last decade. Some of the destination countries include United Kingdom, United States, and Ireland. These nurses are sources from both developed and developing countries and the pattern is influenced by economic and social reasons such as wage difference, better career development prospects, good human resource practices and better lifestyles. References Aiken, L. H., Buchan, J., Sochalski, J., Nicholas, B. and Powell, B. 2004. Trends in international nurse migration. Health Affairs, 23(3): pp 69-77. Debisette, A. 2011. Annual Review of Nursing Research. London, Springer Publishing Company. Fanning, B. and Munck, R. 2011. Globalization, migration, and social transformation: Ireland in Europe and the World. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. Lisa, L. 2007. Nurse migration: A Canadian case study. Health Services Research, 43(3): pp. 1336-1353. Peter, R. P. and Groningen, R. 2004. Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe. Amsterdam: Rozenberg Publishers. Stilwell, B., Diallo, K., Zurn, P., Vujicic, M., and Poz, M. (2004). Migration of health-care workers from developing countries: Strategic approaches to its management. World Health Organization Bulletin, 82(8): pp. 595-600.

According to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and...

According to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very similar. They had cities, a relatively high standard of living, music, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley , and desert around it.The Nile river have effect to Egyptians culture, it gave a rich natural fertilizing elements that helped Egyptian to grow plants. Also, Egyptian civilization formed by 3000 B.C. E., and they benefited from trade and†¦show more content†¦Egyptians had worshipped their God, but they did not fear the God because the God did not give them disasters . Their king god called Amun, and they also have the sun god Re, sky God Horus. Otherwise, The Mesopotamians were very sca red of their gods, because their gods gave the Mesopotamians punishments when they do the wrong things like making their country flood. Mesopotamians believed that the god is the role leader , and god can protect people. They have the most three important gods,the God of Air Enlil, Amu is the father of God whom represented the authority , and God of water EA . Beside that, they still have sun God Utu, the Goddess of love and war called Inanna, and Marduk is the god of babylon. In Mesopotamia, the kings represented the gods, while the Egyptian kings were gods, and two leaders were believed to be related to the gods, because of the great power they held and the wealth under their control. Both ancient Mesopotamias and ancient Egypts religions had the enhance to their culture. The religion played an important role in their society, and spiritual life. More importantly, the artworks and architecture of Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt are both very popular and have the di fferent and similar at the same time. Both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt have their impressive pyramid structures, but in Mesopotamia they are calledShow MoreRelatedAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesAFTER DEATH 49 POSTSCRIPT 53 CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS History Thousands of texts were unearthed, translated and analyzed starting in the eighteenth century. Assyriologist Freidrich Delitzsch claimed that the Bible was plagiarized from Mesopotamian literature. This was an important statement as it would indicate that the Old Testament was not divine and that Christianity was rooted in mythology. As biblical scholars came to the defense of the Bible, a sharp division was created betweenRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesdisorderly book. A glance at the table of contents is enough to show that the sequence of chapters is erratic and closer inspection reveals that the scope of individual chapters is far wider than appears at first sight. Philosophic doctrines (which, according to the author, are the basis of the talismanic art), theory of magic, astronomical, astrological and physical lore, extensive directions for the practice of the art, and accounts of the peoples by whom it is employed are jumbled together throughout

Life on the color line Free Essays

The story of this man’s life is simply amazing. That came through in his honest and heart-felt reflection of the hardships he had to overcome growing up. This intriguing memoir allows the reader to see what life was like for the author whose early life was defined by issues of race and color. We will write a custom essay sample on Life on the color line or any similar topic only for you Order Now Williams, dean of the Ohio State University College of Law, tells the touching and captivating account of his most unusual youth. The author had spent his early years in Virginia, where his white mother and his dark-skinned â€Å"Italian† father operated a roadside tavern. Growing up in the South, where issues of race and color were so important, the author had always thought that he was white, as he had been raised as such. When his parents’ business came to a halt, his mother left, forcing his father to return home to his roots in Muncie, Indiana. It was then that the author and his younger brother, Mike, discover two sides of the then great color divide: black and white. The lesson would be a difficult one. Much to their surprise and horror, their father, a light-skinned Negro â€Å"passing† as Italian, had survived most of his adulthood playing as both black and white as a way of life. He did so successfully until divorced and alcohol overtook him and struck him back down into â€Å"his place† in the slums of Muncie, Indiana. In those times, however, you were considered to be either White or Black. In Indiana, he was Black, even though, ironically, in the South he had passed for White. Greg and Mike, learn that, notwithstanding their appearance, they are considered to be Black, and forced to live in a segregated world on the wrong side of the race and color divide. They quickly learn how it feels to be the second class citizens. This was the nineteen fifties, during the zenith of the Klu Klux Klan, and well before the Civil Rights Movement had taken hold, so views ran very high on issues of race and color. The boys found themselves in the midpoint, rejected by both races. They had to learn how to maneuver in this crazy patchwork quilt of absurd and confusing racial notions that would marginalize their existence and make them the target for every scoundrel on either side of the race and color divide. This had a great impact on the brothers, as they find their own personal coping mechanism for the deprivation, poverty, hostility and prejudice that restricted their life. Unfortunately, Greg and mike took ultimately different paths. After more than a decade of poverty, degradation and loneliness later, straddling the racial and ultimately rescued by the humanity of a single, poor, Church going Black woman, named Miss Dora, Greg was able to overcome the handicap of his ‘Niggerhood’ and in the end attained both his and his father’s dream of becoming a lawyer. Mike on the other hand had no such luck. He seeks solace in the lure of easy money, easy women, and life in the fast lane, a choice that would end in personal tragedy for him. After a life on the edge, he was blinded in a barroom brawl that was the signature of such environments. Today he remains without means or hope in the care of a state supported nursing home. The book clearly outlines the fact that, in the nineteen fifties, the whites are the privileged and the blacks are the repressed and inopportune.   The author focuses on his early life, the part that evidently caused him so much pain. Those early experiences shape the man he is today. One argument, however, is that the author curses the town for its treatment of them. I always kept in mind the time frame and the reaction could have happened in any other town in the country – such was the prevailing attitude, in general, in the late 50’s and early 60’s. Racism exists – everywhere and on all sides. Blacks of today, regardless of where they may live can draw inspiration from his story. We all still face a huge amount of inequality and injustice in our society today. With such divergence along political, gender and religious lines in our national conscience, it is critical to remember that race still matters. In the world of the 50s and 60s where the only meaningful value seems to have been that of â€Å"being white,† Mike and Gregory Williams, possessing all the outward characteristics of whiteness, nevertheless experienced the vital fall from grace: they found themselves on the wrong side of the racial divide and thus forced (as their father put it) â€Å"to learn how to become Niggers.† There are many deeply touching morality tales in this book, but an inescapable one is not its most flattering one: It is that in a racist society nothing is more meaningful or valuable than â€Å"being white.† Whatever you do in life, do not become a Nigger; and if by an accident of fate you should become one, then you should do whatever you can to overcome it in any way possible as long as it is within the rules of racism. That is to say, do not try to eliminate the cause of this moral discontinuity, racism, or change its immoral and corrupt rules and imperatives; just try as best you can to overcome it. After all, overcoming ‘Niggerhood’ is a goal worthy of quest while ending racism is not even one that is attainable. Another morality tale of this book is that no matter how inhumane and corrupt white values are, they nevertheless remain okay because they are after all the standard and norm of society and there is just nothing one can do about them. They remain unbreakable. If you are white, being a racist is okay because racism is society’s norm. White humanity is always better than black humanity because it is self-defined in that way. However, if history teaches us anything, it teaches us that immorality and corruption no matter how normal, feeds on itself. This book is highly recommended to help possibly alleviate issues on color and race. This will inspire many people to strive and be a better person regardless of color. References Williams, Gregory Howard. (1995). Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black. New York: Penguin Books. How to cite Life on the color line, Essay examples

Sherman Alexie Essay free essay sample

In the following short story The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me, Sherman Alexie tells his readers about his pain and suffering growing up in an Indian Reservation. Everyone was expected to follow the status quo; moronic, idiotic, and uneducated, but Alexie refused, seeing how his father read and went to school, Alexie wanted to be like his father, educated. He was strong and was not afraid of what might the other kids or parents say about him behind his back; he broke from the status quo. Sherman Alexie grew up on an Indian Reservation in Spokane, WA. He tells us in the beginning of the story that he learned to read ith a Superman comic book. (1). Reading that comic book is what started everything for Alexie, growing up his family was not wealthy, in fact he tells us they were middle-class by reservation standards. (1). His family was different among others because his father went to a Catholic school, his father adored reading from westerns, spy thrillers, murder mysteries, gangster epics, etc he could pretty much read anything he can get his hands on to. We will write a custom essay sample on Sherman Alexie Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though they did not have much money, his father would find ways to buy books, their whole house was full of books ought his books by the pound goodwill, salvation army Our house was filled with books stacked in the bathrooms, bedrooms (2). With this habit of reading and collecting a plethora of books, this trickled down to Alexie. Teaching himself how to read was not easy, picking up his first book and seeing those words and those words forming sentences and then forming paragraphs, was all Alexie could see. He realized that these words he is reading meant something that a paragraph was a fence that held words. (3). He started seeing the world in paragraphs (3). But picking up and reading the Superman comic book would change him forever. He looked at that comic book in different ways, seeing as how he could not read he just looked at the illustrations. Alexie was smart enough to figure out was Superman was doing in those pictures Superman is breaking down the door. (4). He pretends to say that Superman is kicking down the door, even though it does not say it on the comic Because he is breaking down the door, I assume he says, I am breaking down the door(4). With this skill he practiced and honed, his reading skills kept growing and growing. Sherman Alexie taught himself how to read at an early age. After the Superman comic, he read books that a normal boy his age could not even read reads Grapes of Wrath in kindergarten (5). While all the other kids read and struggle with books at their level, Alexie surpasses them. Furthermore he explains to us how if hed been anything but an Indian boy living on the reservation, he might have been called a prodigy(5). Being an Indian who was smart and was educated was considered by Indian standards a dangerous person, A smart Indian is a dangerous person (6). But Alexie did not care of what others thought about him, he was strong, courageous and was not afraid of anyone. I refused to fail. I was smart. I was arrogant (8). With all of the books he read throughout his young years, Sherman Alexie grew up to be a writer and a teacher, he taught other kids in the reservation that reading is not wrong that it is okay to have an education and have a more better brighter future, and that it is okay to bend or break the status quo if it means bettering yourself. A human or person rather, not the same in the way they act or think or educated even to their family or tribe would be ridiculed. Each and every day you see someone of your ethnicity you would be looked down upon because you are not the same. But who cares, if being different or breaking the status quo means for you to have a better education or even future, then should not you do what is best for you. Breaking trends and rules are not bad, if it means for it to be for the good of yourself, others and humanity, then break them. But if you are just going to follow the status quo because other people are doing it then you are better off on your own, because being and individual is what makes you, you.

Justice In Platos Republic Essays - Philosophy, Dialogues Of Plato

Justice In Plato's Republic Justice in Plato's Republic Justice Justice. What is justice? In this world where many people look out only for themselves, justice can be considered the happiness of oneself. But because selfish men do not always decide our standards in society, to find a definition, society should look at the opinions of many. Just as in the modern society to which we live, where everyone feels justice has a different meaning, the society of Plato also struggled with the same problem. In this paper, I will look into the Republic, one of the books of Plato that resides heavily on defining an answer to the meaning of Justice, and try to find an absolute definition. I will also give my opinion on what I personally think justice is. During the time Socrates and his fellow citizens spent looking for a definition, they came across many different examples. Well-known Athenians, such as Polemarchus, bring out their own definitions of what justice is, with examples like Justice is Doing the right thing, or Giving everyone his due. But soon after these definitions on justice were given, they were shot down by the quick wits of Socrates. Throughout the books of The Republic, I enjoyed reading the many ways that Plato picked apart the flaws in examples by others. It seems that Plato could find flaws without spending much time actually examining the definition. Friends and men of Athens had to restate and restructure their definitions time in and time out during the search for the meaning of Justice. Without the skill that Plato possessed in examining faults in definitions, one can quickly assume that a faulty definition works to be true. I did this many times while reading through different definitions. For example, the definition Polemarchus gives in section two of book one, saying that justice is giving everyone what is appropriate to him. To me, an example like this would fit as a definition, because without much examination, it works well for most situations. For example, if a man is good, then an appropriate r eturn for his goodness is to be good back to him. But if a man acts in a bad or troublesome way, an equally bad punishment is needed to counter his actions. I see this fitting, but Socrates of course easily found a flaw, finding this definition useless if followed, because of there not being a person best at benefiting friends and harming enemies. So the argument over what justice is goes on for some time throughout the Republic, only to lead to more unsolved definitions. Later, they talk about Justice on a more wide scale basis, rather that a personal basis. Stating that what is best for the community may in fact be what is best for the individual. In the end, Socrates and his fellow gentleman seem to arrive after much time with no agreement on a definition, a pattern seen in much of his work. But this still leaves the reader with many unanswered questions, the main one, What is the meaning of Justice? So the way I take it, there is not an agreeable set definition. I think this und efined meaning of Justice is still prevalent in the society of today, looking at the different ways so called Justice is brought and used throughout society. Throughout my life, I have seen and heard through news and media, many different examples of justice in our society, but for the most part they are not similar or set in all ways. Criminals that commit the same exact crime might be issued differing sentences, depending on factors such as gender, age or even status in society. Examples of this sort of injustice are seen almost daily, considering the crime filled world to which we live. An example of this could be rape or molestation. A man and a woman that both commit this crime would probably receive different sentences, in most cases, the man would get more time. But is this fair, are we being just in issuing unjust sentences like these? Status examples are also widely seen, cases where a famous or well known person might get off easy, because of who he or she

Watergate Scandal Essays - Watergate Scandal, United States

Watergate Scandal Essays - Watergate Scandal, United States Watergate Scandal THE WATERGATE SCANDAL Watergate is a hotel in Washington D.C. where the Democratic National Committee held their campaign headquarters. The current president at the time was Richard M. Nixon, who was involved in the scandal himself and which lead to the cause of his resignation. The Watergate scandal should not have happened, but it did and it caused the American people to judge less of their government system. The scandal began on June 17, 1972, with the arrest of five men who were caught in the offices of the Democrats campaign headquarters. Their arrest uncovered a White House sponsored plan of espionage against the political opponents and a trail of intrigue that led to some of the highest officials in the land. The officials involved in the Watergate scandal were former U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldman, White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs John Ehrlichman, and President Nixon. On April 30, 1973, nearly one year after a grand jury investigation of the burglary and arrest of the people involved, President Nixon accepted the resignation of Haldeman and Ehrlichman and announced the dismissal of John Dean. Furthermore, U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resigned as well shifting the position to the new attorney general, Elliot Richardson. However, Elliot Richardson decided to put Harvard Law School professor Archibald Cox in charge of conducting a full-scale investigation of the Watergate break-in. Hearings were opened in May of 1973 by the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities with Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina as the chairman. Suddenly, a series of startling revelations began as Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered the break-in and that a major attempt was under way to hide White House involvement. Dean also claimed that President Nixon had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration denied any involvement in the scandal, but the testimony of White House aide Alexander Butterfield exposed Nixon and unlocked the entire investigation. On July 16, 1973, Butterfield told the committee, on nationwide television, that President Nixon had ordered a taping system to be installed in the White House to automatically record all conversations. With this what Nixon had said and when he had said it was on the tapes and these tapes could verify everything. Cox immediately exposed eight relevant tapes to the court to confirm Deans t estimony. Nixon refused to release the tapes, claiming that they were vital to the national security. Therefore, U.S. District Court Judge John Sirica ruled that President Nixon must give the tapes to Cox, and an appeals court upheld the decision. Nixon still refused to turn over the tapes and on Saturday, October 20, 1973, ordered Richardson to dismiss Cox. Richardson refused and resigned instead, as did Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Finally, the solicitor general discharged Cox. Suddenly, a storm of public protest occurred, thus leading to the Saturday Night Massacre. Nixon, in his defense, appointed another special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, a Texas lawyer, and gave the tapes to Sirica. Unfortunately, some of the conversations were missing from the tapes and one tape had a mysterious gap of eighteen and a half minutes. Experts determined that the gap was the result of five separate erasures. Nevertheless, on March 1974, a grand jury indicated Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and four other White House officials for their part in the Watergate cover-up and named President Nixon as an unindicated co-conspirator. In the following month Jaworski requested and Nixon released written transcripts of forty-two more tapes. The conversations revealed an overwhelming concern with punishing political opponents and denied the Watergate investigation. On May 1974, Jaworski requested sixty-four more tapes as evidence in the criminal cases against the indicted officials. Nixon refused to turn over the tapes and on July 24, 1974, the Supreme Court voted 8-0 that Nixon must turn over the tapes. Thus, on July 29 and 30, 1974, the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment, charging Nixon with misusing power in order to violate the constitutional rights of U.S. citizens, obstructing justice in the Watergate affair, and defying Judiciary Committee orders. Then on August 5, 1974, three tapes revealed that Nixon had, on June 23, 1972, ordered

Our modern German state Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Our modern German state - Dissertation Example The Nazis were aware of the tremendous power that could be wielded with a single image or a particular article. For them, art was just another tool by which they could communicate their agenda and win popular acceptance of their ideas. It was through the subtle inclusion of basic concepts regarding the vileness of the Jewish race and the superiority of the Aryan and German in art and media that the German populace was brought around to Hitler’s way of reasoning. Hitler controlled all aspects of the art world, determining what was printed in the newspapers, discussed on the radio, written about in books, painted, sculpted and constructed. Music and theater were not immune and the Bauhaus School was almost immediately disbanded as a possible threat to the Party. Sculptures in the Greek style were the preferred art form because of the way in which the stone could represent absolute perfection as a frozen moment in time. It was through the film The Eternal Jew that Hitler prepared the public for his extermination campaign against the Jews. However, like his architectural plans for building a cultural mecca at Linz, many of Hitler’s ideas proved to be too large to be realized and projects such as the redesign of Berlin never saw their completion. For the Reich, this implied the elimination of memories of defeat, social turmoil and class confrontation. For the US, paintings served as a powerful link between Germany's present and a retrievable past, while simultaneously facilitating a departure from Germany's cultural isolation and provincialism. The visual arts played a political role in the construction of a new German national heritage, a sanitized and acceptable meta-narrative of the German past.

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Democracy And Development In Uganda History Essay

Democracy And Development In Uganda History Essay The topic of Presentation, is solicited and linked by the presenter, to a variety of suggested development topics, which bear profound concern and relevance to the concept of holistic human development, based on un diluted Democratic Governance. Holistic Development in general, as duly embracing the social and economic growth, in relation to developing countries, such as Uganda, bears a significant brotherhood, as well impacting relationship to undiluted democracy, where it is taken and emphasized as an inevitable basis and root of holistic human development. The selected topic of Democracy and Development significantly connote as well implies that democracy, in an un diluted form, is an inevitable basis of holistic human corporate development and that such development, should be rooted in the attributes of good, accountable, transparent, as well selfless positive democratic governance of a people. It is, therefore, to be noted that the functional practice and presence of democracy, or the profound lack of it, or presence of the same, in diluted unconventional forms and content, in a developing country, such as Uganda, in the defined aspects of human corporate, political, social and even cultural endeavors, does also add up to, as well imply a negative reversal of that development, whatever it may be. It is to be noted further, that holistic development denotes as well as implies the physical and spiritual growth of holistic human endeavors and efforts, in the inevitable context of morally good democratic corporate governance of a people. This means that human beings, duly struggle and work for holistic development, as well as ensuing growth, in both the physical and spiritual worlds, as the governance and leadership structures, the implementation of such structures, their functional lay outs, practices and operations, as well as leadership styles, are democratic and morally rooted in undiluted democracy, for democratic institutions, of moral democratic orientation and setting. Note the rationalization, as duly enunciated and amplified above, is quite perceivable in Uganda, as an African country, within the prescribed scenario of a developing world, (call it underdeveloped for some relative emphasis). The researcher and writer of the concept paper, is a Ugandan, working and coming from Uganda, for which this paper of presentation, demonstrates and amplifies, for international consumption, understanding, analysis, appraisal, evaluation, in addition to taking cognizance of the inherent concepts of diluted democracy, as impacting human holistic development, in a particular emphasis to Uganda, as an independent country of Africa. 2.0 THE BACKGROUND 2.1 The Recent Historical Perspective: Since 1986, Uganda (located in the East African interland), has made acclaimed substantial progress, in promoting good governance, at the political, economic, social and even cultural fronts of Uganda and elsewhere in the world. The country, has been officially and widely acknowledged, as sustaining a positive economic development and growth, which, in the statistical opinion and assessment of the view technical perpetuators, averages 6%, over the recent one and half decades, the country having progressively, moved from mere economic recovery stage and reconstruction status, towards a substantial sustainable economic development and progressive growth, targeting a massive poverty reduction from among the grassroots population. It is being further stated that Ugandas Macro economic stability, much as it is progressively and positively improving, remains a major area of the countrys grassroot focused reforms and development efforts, for the express purposes of wider resource allocation. Indeed, Ugandas fiscal and monetary restraints, as coupled with the attributes of prudent and fugal monetary management and administration, has appropriately and inevitably, supported the countrys robust economic development and systematic growth, and has, consequently, forestalled, and contained the hyper inflation, to a single digit level, over most of the one and half decades of the prospective periodic review. Nevertheless, according to the official statistics, the proportion of Ugandans, as defined and prescribed, as living in absolute poverty, did over the period of economic review, accordingly decline from 56% to 35%. It has been officially further highlighted that, the per capita income gains, between the years 1992 2005/6 were quite modest, allegedly because of the countrys high population growth rate at 3.4 per 1000 people. The same is feared to further increase, in the prospective future. It has been further stated, that significant challenges are poised, for the economic attainments, as stated and highlighted, in the acknowledgement reports of international nature for Ugandas economic and even political appraisal. These, among others, include: The setting up of a sustainable fight and impactive mitigations of abject poverty, at grassroot levels. Putting up impacting measures of mitigating high level economically retrogressive corruption, which is endemic in the countrys top and middle level leaders. Resolving the political and military conflict in the Northern Region of the country, this has persisted, for over two (2) decades. Addressing others, but not duly specified sub terranean forces which hamper, as well as derail the countrys democratization process and positive economic development of sustainable growth, as already highlighted. All in all, Ugandas political, social and economic development, is duly linked up with improvement in democracy and democratic governance, of the country, if all things, and the political will associated thereto, and the systems and practices established for the due installation of an undiluted democratic dispensation, were not merely cosmetic and inherently, distracted by the countrys successive political leadership. 2.2 The Instruments and Measures to Address the Development Dimension, but Rife with Diluted Democracy. This is properly demonstrated and amplified in the paper as follows: 2.2 (1) Diluted Democracy and Misguided Political Governance One has to note inter alia that Uganda, as an independent country and nation of colonial creation became of diluted democracy and misguided political governance; went through a tumultuous checkered political history, since the attainment of independence and standing, as a new country in the year 1962. The country has gone full circle from assumed parliamentary form of diluted democracy, to the years of full vetted and sporadic concealed military benevolent dictatorship of quasi civilian rule, of tactic political cajoling, to the present day. The short lived burst of apparent prospective political enthusiasm; to independence, and soon after it, was soon replaced by a long, almost unremitting period of near despair and disappointment, up to 1986, when Yoweri K. Museveni, an accomplished disciple of diluted democracy syndicate took over state power by force of arms. In the minds of many democratic foresighted Ugandans, this was in essence, not different from the 1966 Crisis, where the consensus ridden, and generally accepted independence constitution of the country, was violently overthrown and abrogated by similar force of arms by benevolent dictatorship of the Late Milton Obote. He did this, in his capacity as second Executive Prime Minister of the Country, after Uganda had become internally self governing in March 1961 under the first Political Leadership of the country of the Late Ben Kiwanuka who was manipulated out of power with British connivance. However, the distinguishing political feature between the Museveni and National Resistance Movement NRM Military take over, in 1986, and the Obotes Uganda Peoples Congress UPC take over, after abrogating the 1962 Constitution, was that in 1980 a Uganda grassroot peoples mandate, to govern the country, had been violently infringed and violated by a massively rigged general elections, which brought back Obote, to power, for yet another time, after his first violent overthrow from power by General Idd Amin in 1971. The inherent advocacy and justification of the Musevenis NRMs take over of Government by force of arms, was, therefore, made on the commensurate pretext, that there had been massive rigging of national elections by Obote, and his UPC party, in December, 1980, and that there had been fragrant dictatorial misrule of the country, by Obote and his party, which provided Museveni, with a blank Cheque of governance, in Uganda, after the military take over of power, in January, 1986.. It is, therefore, to be noted here, that since the year 1966, to the present day, despite the positive and inherently appreciable Museveni and NRM cosmetic democratic innovations, as well as plausible features, of due reliance to the military, rather than the established democratic institutions, to govern, has over the time, persisted in Uganda. Hence the assertion that the army, has to be represented, as an organ of state, in the Parliament of Uganda, a prerogative of civilian rule and governance, in well oriented democratic states of the world. Therefore, with diluted democracy in Uganda, at the centre stage, the country, has been characterized by civil wars; repressive governance policies, as well as statute laws of mere political expedience; a war monger governance style; a persistent refugee influx; and to big extent, a reversal and retrogression of would be attained social and economic gains, as presumably having been acquired, in the positive wake of the rather cosmetic democratic systems; which unfortunately have duly and inadvertently, persuaded committed and uncommitted political observers both locally and internationally. The negative impact of the political, social, economic and even cultural instability and overlapping political confusion, brought about as a result, is destined to leave a lot of deep scars in the general fabric of the country, for many years to come, across the countrys political and social spectrum. Nevertheless, there are, as it were, undeniable overt developments, since Museveni and NRM captured state power in Uganda in year 1986. It is also to be noted that the progressively concealed military regime change in 1986 was incidentally hailed locally, most especially in the countrys central region of Buganda and even across the globe. The regime brought relative peace and security in those areas, of the country, where it was not resisted, for obvious reasons. While one part of the country, was at war with the regime, for now over 20 years, the part not at war, got the economy of Uganda, partially and somewhat rejuvenated as well as resuscitated, under the mistaken guise that the whole country was not at war. The regime, has to some debatable extent, safeguarded the conventionally accepted principles of human liberties, through selected and guided promotions of relative press freedom, allowing some form of multiparty political dispensation, while limiting the fundamental freedoms of assembly and also did selectively, put an end to the fragrant open human rights abuses, as exercising appreciable controls over the army, from being an arm of repressive tacit political abuses, and to progressively make the same an apparently friendly organ of the civilian population, which was not the case before, for any of the past Government regimes of post independent Uganda. However, amidst these fairly positive attributes and apparent overt achievements, Uganda faces a momental task, as well a challenge for establishing and nursing, as well as fostering visible and feasible functioning democratic institutions, which shall be beyond the whims and outright undemocratic dictates of incumbent Executive Presidents of the country. 3.0 WHAT HAS DODGED THE CURRENT UGANDAN GOVERNMENT IN INSTITUTING DURABLE DEMOCRACY FOR DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA This is to be the major subject of address and presentation of this paper, on Democracy and Development in Uganda. The Paper Objectives The Key Objectives for this paper therefore, are: 3.1.1 Objective One: To outline the brief events of thwarted democracy in Uganda, which have resulted in the checkered post independence history of the country, which has bred overt and covert military dictatorships. 3.1.2 Objective Two To state and demonstrate the profound failings, as well as shortcomings of Ugandas post independence dictatorial Government regimes including the NRM, in entrenching undiluted democracy which is the root and sound sanctuary of holistic genuine corporate development of the country. Objective Three To show why despite the apparently commendable progress in putting in place a plethora of regulatory institutions, policies, a constitution and statutory laws for building and establishing a democratic state of Uganda, there is unfortunately a looming and impending political catastrophe which might reverse and retrogress all apparent economic, political and even social gains, if nothing is done to forestall the same genuinely. 3.1.4 Objective Four To illustrate a lack of genuine commitment and political patriotic will to mitigate and fight the rate of high level corruption, which duly impacts democracy and holistic development, in Uganda. 3.1.5 Objective Five To demonstrate, as well as show that Museveni and the NRM duly displayed undiluted democratic tendencies and practices from the beginning, up to the 12th year of his rule in Uganda. It is in these years, that the country did genuinely develop and built the impetus that has pushed the NRM regime, to live up to the present day, albeit the diminishing fortunes, arising out of the incessant repressiveness overtime. 4.0 CONCLUSION By the end of the paper presentation, it is hereby envisaged and anticipated that the presentation, as envisioned, by this paper, shall lead to an international understanding, appraisal and evaluation of the democratic and developmental overtures, in Uganda, to lead to an appreciation of functions, innovations of fitting approaches and their due rationalization, in a Ugandan African context of congenial democratic development. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF UGANDA AFTER INDEPENDENCE 5.1 Introduction Please, note the paper objectives, as pin pointed above. This section of the presentation is now, to focus on the stated objectives, as laid down in Nos. (3.1.1. 3.1.5) The British ruled Uganda, not as a colony, which they overrun, but as a Protectorate, to which they were mutually invited by the late Kabaka (king) of Buganda, Muteesa I. Before that, Arab traders had had their contact with Buganda as foreigners in the 15th Century, in 1745. Other foreign contacts were of John Speke, in 1862, from Britain and HMS Stanley in 1875, again from the same country, which resulted in the invitation of Christian Missionaries, as the kind of functional people, wanted by Kabaka Muteesa I, as a sign of mutual corroboration and cooperation between Buganda, and people of foreign lands. When the missionaries came to Uganda, as responding to Muteesas call, the final result was, so to speak, colonization of Uganda, where the British ruled Uganda, for over 60 years, until independence was granted in 1962. When the country became independent, the future looked quite good and prospective, compared to its neighbors, Uganda is small and compact, compared in size, to Britain. It was endowed with substantial resources and favorable tropical climate. When Uganda became independent in 1962, the future looked quite promising. The country which was small and compact (and still is), was endowed with substantial resources and favorable climate. It had a relatively developed social and physical infrastructure. Roads, schools, hospitals and the public service were amongst the best in black Africa. Besides, at independence, the country enjoyed relatively prosperous agricultural economy based on cotton, coffee, tobacco, tea, sugar and variety of food crops, as well as livestock. It was self sufficient in food production. Due to its abundant wild life and natural beauty, the country had untapped tourist potential. Though the manufacturing sector of the economy was small, it was rapidly growing, thanks to the policy of import substitution and economic diversification. Indeed, in terms of overall economic progress, Uganda was comparable to Ghana, South Korea and Malaysia, and was indeed ahead of India and Indonesia. Ugandas great expectations, however, did not materialize. Shortly after independence, the country degenerated into tyranny, chaos, violence, war, economic collapse and moral degeneration. Constitutionalism and the rue of law ceased to exist. Extra judicial killings were elevated to the level of public policy. By 1986, Uganda had become the land of untold human misery and an object of pity in the world. Its human rights record was appalling. An estimated over one million people, had lost their lives between 1966 and 1986. Thousands more, fled into exile and were scattered all over the world. The economy was in shambles. Indeed, when the NRM came to power, the country looked somehow ungovernable and was on the verge of Somalia-like war-lord-ism. What went wrong? Why did Uganda make such a false start? How can the decomposition of post independence Uganda between 1966 and 1986 be explained? Why did Uganda become so unhinged or dislocated? There are no definitive answers to the questions. Nevertheless, historians have explained the countrys post-colonial turbulence, in terms of colonial distortions, neocolonialism, under development, incompetent post independence leadership, ethnicity, militarism and religious bigotry. This brief historical survey from 1895 to 1986 attempts to explain why and how Uganda became the sick man of Africa before the NRM captured state power, in the hope of putting the country on the road to un diluted democracy. 5.2 The Legacies of British Colonialism: The modern state of Uganda, which assumed its geopolitical identity between 1890 and 1926, was a product of European colonialism. In drawing up the boundaries of Uganda, the British colonial authorities brought together fifty six (56) distinct communities, with diverse languages, cultures and historical traditions. At the same time, the colonial boundaries partitioned various African peoples, who had lived together for centuries in two or more colonial states. In Uganda the ethnic incompatibility was basically a product of British Administration and may have been a colonial strategy. Before colonialism, the various peoples of Uganda had co-existed in relative peace and equality, and in cases, such relative peace and equality, and in cases, such Buganda, the people had even mutually integrated through marriages and mutually beneficial cooperation activities of life sustenance and survival. People did not believe that they were more developed or cultured than their neighbors, except under threat and resistance of the new comers. Various Ugandan communities knew that they were different but equal, as human beings, for any material benefits as well as according one another the requisite human rights. Even civil wars and conflicts took place among would be equals of divergent interests. But the British progressive conquerors or in the case of Uganda, protectors, changed all this. They halted and froze the natural process of peoples integration and evolution for the better, or worse. The natural process of cultural diffusion and mutual dissemination into one another for, mutually identified social goals and benefits through trade, intermarriages and migration, as well as movement, was duly disrupted. For their colonial and administrative strategy, the British duly emphasized mutually disruptive differences, as well as adverse prejudices, which put otherwise co-operative and corroborative people further apart. Peoples mutual similarities were never identified and emphasized to ensure harmony and mutual solidarity among people of different cultural identity. The British policy of divide and rule not only enhanced the negative spirit and attributes of ethnic consciousness and social chauvinism, among ethnic peers, but exploited and made it become a source of tension and disastrous conflict, for post independence Uganda, when selfish ill fated politicians inherited the mantle of political power. It is said that once the British established the multi-ethnic-state of U ganda, through the quash constitutional agreements made with the different tribal chiefs or kings of more established nationalities of Uganda, they made no deliberate, well conceived efforts to forge Ugandas inhabitants and their possible leaders, into a unifying force of cadres, for possible and viable integrated Uganda. Some ardent scholars have pointed out that unity in diversity was not one of the British cardinal colonial intentions, for a people as diversified as Ugandas. Rather the British colonial and administrative mission was to exploit it with the four (4) coded intents of colonialism, at the broader level, namely; Procurement of industrial raw materials. Acquisition of prospective market for finished products. Employment of excessive qualified manpower. Attaining a sure sphere of political cultural influences, for the prospects ahead. It is said that what the British set out to do, bearing in mind their cardinal intentions, was to establish an efficient, but cost effective colonial administration, but not a Nation State, of a prospective viable future. Nevertheless, this does not represent the whole truth about British colonialism, compared to their counterparts, the French in their Colonial Policy of Assimilation. The thrust of British Policy before, 1945 was therefore, to keep Africans, as apart as practically possible, and to more or less promote disunity, ethnicity and parochialism among them, so that the future prospects of unity among them, would inevitably be kept at bay. This ethnic focused policy was duly implemented, through the system of Indirect Rule, more especially in Buganda (Ugandas central region, which became the focus of development). This is where the British were quite intent of entrenching their Anglicanism and all that it entails, and to use it as a springboard, to other areas of Uganda. In effect, the Baganda were profoundly devided on the basis of religious bigotry, which was later, to affect political developments in the country, not mentioning other dimensions of British colonial set ups. It is said, therefore, that the British knew, well before, that as long as they designed and constructed a Uganda that would remain a house devided, the future of British influence in Uganda, would be guaranteed by use of mere ethnic and nationality manipulation. Accordingly, the subsequent development of Uganda, became an artificial, disintegrated entity of British colonialism, with antagonistic nationalities of British cultural influence, but which are not prone to see themselves, as a united viable nation, springing from their well nurtured coherent cultural identities, across the board, without much mutual suspicions, as was fanned by post independence local politicians to ensure certainty of political office and longevity therein. In concerted conformity to the politics of divide rule, the British Protectorate administrators and policy authorities treated various Ugandan cultural entities differently. It is alleged that Buganda was singled out for unfairly allotted favors, if not profound envy, on the part of the British to employ Baganda, to conquer the rest of Uganda and to establish, with them, an effective Protectorate administration, which lasted over sixty (60) years. In some specific instances, Buganda was overtly and somewhat rewarded, and in other instances the British only gave tacit approval and appreciation, for the alleged Bugandas corroboration and cooperation with the British, in their endeavors to rule Uganda for their own acknowledged permanent and lasting intents. It is further emphatically pointed out by some unorthodox history authorities, that Buganda gained extended territory at the expense of the hostile Bunyoro and non belligerent Nkole Kingdom. It is not however, thoroughly discussed, how in the vagaries of peoples open movement from territory to territory, and acknowledged mutual equality, respect and solidarity for mutually acknowledged common benefits, how Buganda managed to do this, unless there are other unaccounted for, factors, in the Geopolitical re-alignment of Ugandas ethnic entities. This in the view of such historical authorities gave rise to the contentious issue of the so called lost counties of Buyaga and Bugangaizi, presently known as Kibaale District of Uganda. The Baganda chiefs who corroborated with the British were allocated the duty and functions of administering the said territories, it is duly highlighted. In the year 1900, the British and Buganda signed the well known Buganda Agreement, which defined the mutual relationship, between Buganda and British Protectorate Administration. In this agreement Buganda retained its own Government and local administration, as it were, for a system not merely overran by the British, in their bid to colonize. By this agreement, Buganda was devided into crown and privately owned land tenure, known as Mailo and Crown Land systems. The Kabaka, his chiefs and other Baganda notables, were by the agreement granted Mailo land. It is said that in this, the British sought to create a landed aristocracy which was to be one of the pillars of British policy protectorate administration, in Buganda. For the British, it has been said and acknowledged, that the Baganda were the Japanese of Africa, to which Professor Ali Mazrui, has also alluded. It has also been stated that by the British treating Buganda, as state within the state of Uganda, which is their own colonial creation, but which Buganda was, even before their coming, the British, created a recipe, as well sowed seeds of ethnic tension and conflict in Uganda. This is a contentious subject, whose settlement can only be addressed by the restoration of Ugandas independence constitution, which unfortunately, was abrogated and violently overthrown by Apollo Milton Obote by force of arms, in 1966. In so doing Milton Obote committed a treasonable act, for violating a peoples will, which had been enshrined in that Constitution at independence as the British left Uganda, and constituted nation of their creation. It could only be changed, through democratic constitutional genuine and legal means and not violently, as it was by Mil ton Obote. It has been categorically stated that the Baganda developed a high sense of ethnic nationalism, which also was reinforced by Bugandas economic, political and social centrality in the state of Uganda. For the perpetuators of these views, the British are accused of seeing the rest of Uganda, as merely a satellite of Buganda. Thus, the British are assumed by this school of thought, to have created Buganda, as a thorny problem, for independent Uganda, and for them, before independence. But one wonders what the British could conveniently do, to Buganda, which they found as a nation, already with management and administrative structures in place with a relatively sophisticated culture of its own. It has profoundly been highlighted that, during the 1950s and 1960s, the ambitions of Bugandas unwanted nationalism clashed with integrative policies and processes of the central government. Buganda is said to have sought to maintain their deserved identity, but through narrow minded and aggressive neo-traditional separatism. On the part of those in central government of Uganda, the government is said to have been determined to keep Buganda at any cost, as an integral part of Uganda, but without any hearing, nor providing any redress to Bugandas major concerns, and sense of cultural pride. In the view of Uganda Nationalist advocates, Bugandas concerns and identity pride, which in their understanding and estimate, are untenable, led to a clash of interests which exploded into the crises of first, 1953, when the Late Kabaka of Buganda, Sir Edward Muteesa II, was exiled to Britain by the former Protectorate Governor, Sir Andrew Cohen, and second to the 1966 in which the Late Milton Obote, overthrew the Independence Constitution, which he had been sworn to uphold, as well as, protect, as executive Prime Minister, at independence. The privileged status of Buganda, it is said, that sooner or later, generated the profound anti Buganda sentiments in the rest of Uganda. Non Baganda, are said to have resented the wholesale imposition of the Kiganda Administrative system, manned by Baganda chiefs, with the tacit consent of the British. Bugandas question in Uganda therefore has remained a thorny issue for the democratic governance of the country, created by the British as a super imposition over existing viable nationalities, which were nation states, in their own right. But all said and evaluated, Bugandas right to exist, within the independent state of Uganda, needs to be respected and rationalized within the national constitution framework of Uganda, taking account of its role and function to Uganda as a nation without any tresses of apparent subjugation. The Buganda question and the equitable status of the same, in the independent state of Uganda, as created by the British, has defied the self seeking, biased unpatriotic post independence political leaders who not only play the fiddle of diluted cosmetic democracy, but impact holistic development by their direct or indirect political overtures. The stagnated rate of development in Buganda, since independence, is therefore attributed to this. Buganda and other parts of Uganda, excluding the North, is claimed to be developing, since 1986, because Museveni and the NRM tended to demonstrate indicative attributes of democracy, in setting Ugandas outstanding problems such as the Buganda question. He received a lot of support in the so called war of liberation, before and after the bush struggle, which gave him propelling political impetus that gave rise to his longevity, in power. See figures below, as demonstrating economic development and growth in first ten (10) years of Musevenis rule in Uganda, but which are going down progressively, as direct result of diluted democracy, playing the rounds in Uganda. Year Tax Revenue collected in U.Shs in billions Tax Revenue as % of GDP 1988/91 44.6 5.16 1989/90 89.6 6.81 1990/91 135.9 7.84 1991/92 179.7 7.00 1992/93 286.6 7.85 1993/94 374.0 9.56 1994/95 522.5 10.76 1994/96 625.5 11.60 Table 1: Indicating the progressive rise in statistical economic development and growth in Uganda, as President Museveni and NRM, tended, in some measures, to walk the emphatic talk of undiluted democracy in Uganda, in the 1st ten (10) years of NRM with Bugandas support as well as patronage. 5.3 The Demonstrative Aspects: Looking at the dramatic political events, which have shaken Uganda overtime, behind them, the profound causes have been a lack of Democracy, or democratic governance systems. In the end such events have not only affected national development, but have shaken the countrys foundation to the core, and

Historical Lens Criticism

Historical Criticism Goal: Explain the content of literature based on in which it was written. Historical critics look at politics, ideas, culture, how people lived, etc. When an lazing literature. Pros and Cons of Historical Criticism pros ; The historical lens is an accurate way to view history because people their thoughts and ideas through lit. ; These views can be Cons Some people say that the great pieces of literature do not need to be understood wrought a historical lens because their greatness is derived from a timeless, universal theme.The Historical Lens works in. Not only can we interpret literature from a historical background, but literature can help us understand history based on the time it was written. Killjoy example: List two ways the excerpt from â€Å"Killjoy† shows the author/united State's opinion on the Vietnam war. 2. Historical Lens from the Loran The Loran was published in 1971.In 1970 there was a big push for the government to implement laws that wi ll protect the environment . Dry. Issues took issues from one great lake. What lake was it, and what is the quote used to pr eve this? Historical Lens from â€Å"Sonnet X: Death Be Not Proud† In what way did religion and English culture shape the life and poetry of John Done? How does this illuminate the meaning of the poem? (Hint: Find evidence that inks Done with 17th century England)

Employee Performance Essay

The methods presented here are designed to develop elements and standards that measure employee and work unit accomplishments rather than to develop  other measures that are often used in appraising performance, such as measuring behaviors or competencies. Although this handbook includes a discussion of the importance of balancing measures, the main focus presented here is to measure accomplishments. Consequently, much of the information presented in the first five steps of this eightstep process applies when supervisors and employees want to measure results. However, the material presented in Steps 6 through 8 about developing standards, monitoring performance, and checking the performance plan apply to all measurement approaches. A HANDBOOK FOR MEASURING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE foreword The handbook has four chapters and three appendices: ⠝™ CHAPTER 1 gives the background and context of performance management that you will need to understand before beginning the eight-step process. ⠝™ CHAPTER 2 defines accomplishments, which is key to using this handbook successfully. ⠝™ CHAPTER 3 includes a detailed description of the eight-step process for developing employee performance plans that are aligned with and support organizational goals. ⠝™ CHAPTER 4 provides study tools, including a followup quiz and a quick reference for the eight-step process. ⠝™ THE APPENDICES contain example standards that were written specifically for appraisal programs that appraise performance on elements at five, three, and two levels. After reading the instructional material, studying the examples, and completing the exercises in this book, you should be able to: ⠝™ DEVELOP a performance plan that aligns individual performance with organizational goals  Ã¢ â„¢ USE a variety of methods to determine work unit and individual  accomplishments ⠝™ DETERMINE the difference between activities and accomplishments ⠝™ EXPLAIN regulatory requirements for employee performance plans P E R F O R M A N C E M A N A G E M E N T: B A C K G R O U N D A N D C O N T E X T emember the story about the naive student in his first English literature course who was worried because he didn’t know what prose was? When he found out that prose was ordinary speech, he exclaimed, â€Å"Wow! I’ve been speaking prose all my life!† Managing performance well is like speaking prose. Many managers have been â€Å"speaking† and practicing effective performance management naturally all their supervisory lives, but don’t know it! Some people mistakenly assume that performance management is concerned only with following regulatory requirements to appraise and rate performance. Actually, assigning ratings of record is only one part of the overall process (and perhaps the least important part). Performance management is the systematic process of: ⠝™ planning work and setting expectations ⠝™ continually monitoring performance ⠝™ developing the capacity to perform ⠝™ periodically rating performance in a summary fashion ⠝™ rewarding good performance The revisions made in 1995 to the governmentwide performance appraisal and awards regulations support â€Å"natural† performance management. Great care was taken to ensure that the requirements those regulations establish would complement and not conflict with the kinds of activities and actions effective managers are practicing as a matter of course. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT PLANNING In an effective organization, work is planned out in advance. Planning means setting performance expectations and goals for groups and individuals to channel their efforts toward achieving organizational objectives. Getting employees involved in the planning process will help them understand the goals of the organization, what needs to be done, why it needs to be done, and how well it should be done. The regulatory requirements for planning employees’ performance include establishing the elements and standards of their performance appraisal plans. Performance elements and standards should be measurable, understandable, verifiable, equitable, and achievable. Through critical elements, employees are held accountable as individuals for work assignments or responsibilities. Employee performance plans should be flexible so that they can be adjusted for changing program objectives and work requirements. When used effectively, these plans can be beneficial working documents that are discussed often, and not merely paperwork that is filed in a drawer and seen only when ratings of record are required. MONITORING In an effective organization, assignments and projects are monitored continually. Monitoring well means consistently measuring performance and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their progress toward reaching their goals. The regulatory requirements for monitoring performance include conducting progress reviews with employees where their performance is compared against their elements and standards. Ongoing monitoring provides the supervisor the opportunity to check how well employees are meeting predetermined standards and to make changes to unrealistic or problematic standards. By monitoring continually, supervisors can identify unacceptable performance at any time during the appraisal period and provide assistance to address such performance rather than wait until the end of the period when summary rating levels are assigned. MEASURE WHAT IS IMPORTANT—NOT WHAT IS EASY TO MEASURE It is easy to count the number of days since a project began, but if that is all that you measure, is that enough information to assess performance? No, probably not. Or if, for example, a customer service team only measures the number of calls that come into the team (the easy measure) and does not attempt to measure customer satisfaction with its service (the more difficult measure), the team does not have complete information about its performance and has no idea how well it is serving its customers. In addition, because what gets measured gets done, the team will probably focus on how it can increase the number of calls it receives and ignore the quality of service it provides. As a result, organizations need to anticipate the behavioral and unintended consequences of measuring performance. As an example, recently a medical laboratory came under fire because of the errors it made in certain of its cancer tests. A high number of cancer tests that the laboratory had approved as negative turned out to be wrong—cancer had actually been

Cloud Computing Security And Security - 1432 Words

Cloud Computing is a new computing model where data can be stored in the cloud environment can be accessed from anywhere-anytime due to the distributed architecture of cloud environment [1]. Many companies provide the cloud computing platforms such as Google, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, and VMware. The use of the cloud computing is increased a lot in the real world as it effective and efficiency in the developing the applications and also as the resources are easily available on cloud which decreases the cost in purchasing and maintain the infrastructure [2]. Both Privacy and Security are crucial in the cloud computing environment and single traditional security mechanism are not enough for the complete cloud system so here in this†¦show more content†¦Data Breach: A data breach is an incident in which sensitive, protected or confidential data has potentially been viewed, stolen or used by an individual unauthorized to do so. It can be also called as the data leakage, disclosure of information by the attacker or un- authorized user. In the year 2009 Google documents suffered serious leakage of the user private information. 2. Data Loss: Data loss is an error condition in information systems in which information is destroyed by failures or neglect in storage, transmission, or processing. Information systems implement backup and disaster recovery equipment and processes to prevent data loss or restore lost data. In December 2013, Target Corporation announced that data from around 40 million credit and debit cards was stolen 3. Account Hijacking: Account Hijacking is carried out using the stolen credentials it includes the techniques such as phishing and exploitation of software vulnerabilities. In October 2013, Adobe Systems suffers from their corporate database was hacked data got leaked .It is estimated about 130 millions client records was stolen. 4. Ins ecur e AP I’s: Customer manages and interacts with the cloud services through the interfaces providers must ensure that the security is integrated in to their service models, while user must be aware of security risks in the use, Implementation, management monitoring